![]() ![]() The diagnosis of PE was excluded in 100 % of patients with low Wells and Modified Geneva scoring system scores with AVDSf 0.128. ![]() PE was ruled out in patients with normal d-dimer concentrations ( 28.5 mmHg. Patients with suspected PE were evaluated using clinical prediction rules proposed by the Wells and the Modified Geneva scoring systems. One-hundred patients were included in the present study. ![]() This study, however, aimed to predict or exclude PE using the end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2) value and alveolar dead space fraction (AVDSf) together. The SBT-CO2 is simple and potentially widely available and warrants further study as a routine technique for the diagnosis of PE.Several studies have reported that computed tomography pulmonary angiography is the best method for diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE). The other measurements, however, showed a substantial overlap between patients with PE and those with obstructive or interstitial lung disease. SBT-CO2 achieved a nearly complete separation between the patients with PE and those without. Previously suggested gas exchange measurements for the diagnosis of PE, ie, the physiologic deadspace fraction, VDphys/VT, and the arterial-to-end-tidal CO2 gradient, P(a-E')CO2, were also evaluated in the groups. It was also tested in a reference population consisting of patients with normal lung function, obstructive lung disease and interstitial lung disease. The test was evaluated in 38 patients with suspected PE where pulmonary angiography showed that nine had PE and 29 did not. An analysis of the single breath test (SBT) for CO2, SBT-CO2, focusing on the late tidal expirate, was made in order to evaluate the feasibility to use the SBT-CO2 for the diagnosis of PE. ![]() This feature of PE separates it from pulmonary diseases affecting the airways, which are characterized by nonsynchronous emptying of compartments with an uneven ventilation/perfusion relationship. Pulmonary embolism (PE) leads to an abnormal alveolar deadspace that is expired in synchrony with gas from normally perfused alveoli. ![]()
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